好。

<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值</b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　通觀</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1290</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">方硯臺(tái)，每件都是寶物。它們所釋放的信息，是各個(gè)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化領(lǐng)域研究不可多的第一手資料。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　對(duì)歷史學(xué)研究來(lái)說(shuō)，研究這批硯臺(tái)，可以廓清一些歷史事實(shí)。我國(guó)的歷史書關(guān)于唐代的李商隱生卒年代的記載為</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">約</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">813-</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">約</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">858”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">InkII00296</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">硯顯示，李商隱于壬午年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(862</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">作《樂(lè)游原》，其卒年比已知年代晚了</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年。對(duì)于近現(xiàn)代史研究，有些硯銘文也具有非常珍貴的價(jià)值。在這批硯臺(tái)中，有多方硯來(lái)自抗擊英國(guó)鴉片輸入者起源地三元里，包括三元閣主人之硯，也有不見經(jīng)傳的清末維新人士黃均儒于</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1913</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年書銘</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">維新革命</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">硯。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　對(duì)文學(xué)研究來(lái)說(shuō)，研究這批硯臺(tái)，可以加深對(duì)一些文學(xué)作品的認(rèn)識(shí)和理解。唐代大詩(shī)人張籍</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(765—830?)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">的《秋思》，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">洛陽(yáng)城里見秋風(fēng)，欲作家書意萬(wàn)重。復(fù)恐匆匆說(shuō)不盡，行人臨發(fā)又開封。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">被收入各種古代詩(shī)歌集，甚至被收入中學(xué)《語(yǔ)文》課本，但是沒(méi)有顯示作者寫作的時(shí)間。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">InkIII0802</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">硯表明，張籍創(chuàng)作《秋思》是壬午年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(802</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">冬。當(dāng)代文學(xué)著作在提及</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">落紅不是無(wú)情物，化作春泥更護(hù)花</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">的詩(shī)句時(shí)，都一致將作者歸為清代龔自珍</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(1792-1841)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">《己亥雜詩(shī)》。但是，在</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">InkII0126</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">硯上，蔡道憲</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(1615-1643)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">已經(jīng)銘刻這兩句詩(shī)。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　對(duì)于哲學(xué)研究來(lái)說(shuō)，研究這批硯臺(tái)，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)一大批著名歷史人物的哲學(xué)思想和古代文化人的哲學(xué)思想變化軌跡，還可以糾正一些數(shù)據(jù)錯(cuò)誤。關(guān)于</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">古今之成大事業(yè)大學(xué)問(wèn)者，必經(jīng)過(guò)三種之境界</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">的哲學(xué)思想，當(dāng)今的哲學(xué)乃至文學(xué)著作都?xì)w結(jié)為近人王國(guó)維</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(1877—1927)(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">《人間詞話》</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。其實(shí)，早在王國(guó)維前</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">200</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">多年，王原祁</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(1642-1715)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">就已經(jīng)在</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">InkII0092</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">硯上銘刻了這一思想。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　對(duì)于書法理論研究來(lái)說(shuō)，研究這批硯臺(tái)，可以糾正一些書法理論的出處。關(guān)于</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">碑貴熟看，不宜生臨，心得其妙，筆始入神</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">的論述，張因在乾隆乙酉年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(1769)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">于</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">InkII0070</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">硯上已經(jīng)銘刻，但現(xiàn)代的著作卻廣泛認(rèn)為是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1831 </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">出生的姚孟起所說(shuō)。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　在這批硯臺(tái)中，有數(shù)方硯系宗教圣地使用，其中有西安大慈恩寺用硯</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">7</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">方、新興六祖寺用硯</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">方、梅庵寺用硯</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">方、三家寺用硯</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">方、蒼雪庵用硯</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">方。還有宋至清的著名僧人銘刻硯，如元代金栗道人顧仲瑛</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(1316-1369)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、明代一丘居士宮巍然、清代廣東望梅主持、耀緣大師等銘文的硯。研究這些硯，有利于進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識(shí)我國(guó)宗教圣地的文化氛圍。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　《經(jīng)濟(jì)》雜志</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月號(hào)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><p></p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">傳承有序</b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　在</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1290</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">方硯臺(tái)中，唐代</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">18</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">方、五代十國(guó)</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">方、宋代</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">49</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">方、宋末元初</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">27</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">方、元代</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">18</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">方、元末明初</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">方、明代</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">166</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">方、明末清初</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">51</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">方、清代</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">948</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">方、清末民國(guó)</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">方。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　根據(jù)每方硯臺(tái)的銘文和圖刻以及材質(zhì)，每一方硯都可以書寫成一個(gè)傳承故事。前書</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">InkII0052</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">石鼓硯，系道光辛丑年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(1841</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">，由以精于金石著稱，并以收藏石鼓硯為癖的朱善旗，以重金從歷任乾隆、嘉慶、道光三朝大學(xué)士曹振鏞</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(1755—1835)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">之孫曹紹棣之手購(gòu)得。曹振鏞之父更是在乾隆朝官至太子太保的曹文埴</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(1735—1798)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。曹家父子從清乾隆二十五年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(1760)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">到道光十五年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(1835)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">，歷三代皇帝，把持朝政</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">75</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年，清王朝幾乎有三分之一歷史都在他們的影響之下。此硯在曹文埴時(shí)，已被視為曹家鎮(zhèn)齋之寶，曹文埴特將其齋堂命名為</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">石鼓齋</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">?；蛟S大清王朝的若干重要檄文就是用石鼓硯的濃墨寫就。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　這方硯曾經(jīng)不幸，在曹振鏞去世</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年之后，其孫子就將鎮(zhèn)齋之寶轉(zhuǎn)換主人。這方硯也十分有幸，它的第一新主人，是清代收藏大家朱為弼之子，家底雄厚，使石鼓硯在鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的戰(zhàn)亂之后得以妥善保管起來(lái)。更有幸的是，在經(jīng)歷多次戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的洗禮之后，這方硯還保存到如今。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">InkI0011</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">漢建安十五年瓦硯，上有生活在明代萬(wàn)歷年間</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(1573-1619)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">的一丘居士宮巍然以及清代的乾隆皇帝、大臣于敏中、王杰、金士松、陳孝泳以及宮廷硯石工師門應(yīng)兆的銘文。其中，乾隆銘文為：</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">內(nèi)府庫(kù)藏，分典守各司，全不相授受。偶搜所棄，石泓復(fù)得三十，皆瓊久，或端溪舊，或澄泥，乃識(shí)。天家何不有此瓦。雖非漢唐宋，亦二百年用以久，質(zhì)古制古，興墨宜佐我文房之四友。一以惕，是召公言；一以慚，非坡翁手；翁于二，猶以為多。題此紛呈，徒自丑。乾隆戊戌御題。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">蓋有乾隆的鈐印</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">會(huì)心不遠(yuǎn)</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“ </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">德充符</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">大觀</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。顯然，這段銘文是由硯石工師門應(yīng)兆草擬并刻制。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">為了顯示功績(jī)，門應(yīng)兆唯恐后人讀起這段御銘時(shí)，稱道乾隆皇帝而忘卻自己，便在硯面不顯眼的地方，加上了</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">子吾銘</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">三個(gè)小字。門應(yīng)兆出身于端硯之鄉(xiāng)的端州，為端石刻工，后捐為監(jiān)生。因善界畫樓閣、人物及花卉，并善寫真，于乾隆四十一年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(1776</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">，經(jīng)軍機(jī)大臣奏請(qǐng)，為編纂《西清硯譜》而到南書房負(fù)責(zé)挑選和繪刻各種硯品及撰文。就是這樣一位被破格使用的硯石工師，并不感激皇恩浩蕩，反而利用挑選硯臺(tái)、篆刻銘文的便利，將一些具有重要?dú)v史價(jià)值的硯臺(tái)排斥在《西清硯譜》之外，在給乾隆篆刻硯銘時(shí)故意留下暗記，以顯示銘文由其草擬和刻制。</span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">硯學(xué)博物館</b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　在制形方面，所有</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1290</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">方硯，包括了已知的各種各類制式，諸如圓、長(zhǎng)、正、橢、隨等幾何形，辟雍、風(fēng)字、箕形、抄手、太史等制形，花鳥魚蟲、飛禽走獸、動(dòng)物植物等肖形，蘭亭、蓬萊、龍門、祖師等人文象形，應(yīng)有盡有。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　在雕刻方面，匯集了不同時(shí)期、不同流派、不同風(fēng)格的各種硯雕作品。迄今為止的硯著所介紹過(guò)的硯雕形式和風(fēng)格，無(wú)論何種，在</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1290</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">方硯臺(tái)中都可以找到范例，如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">InkIII0761</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">鈐印</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">蒼</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、落款</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">蒼梧</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">□□</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">人家藏</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">的《端溪硯坑圖》硯，將端州硯坑的名稱、地理位置、周邊環(huán)境、開采狀況以及洞內(nèi)情形刻畫和介紹得十分清晰具體。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">值得特別一書的是硯面書法。而在這一方面恰好為各種硯臺(tái)著作所忽略或遺漏。究其原因，也許古代的制硯和賞硯專家本身就是書法大家，對(duì)此不屑一顧；而現(xiàn)代的評(píng)硯專家，對(duì)各種書法的研究功力，尚達(dá)不到評(píng)鑒的地步。如果罔顧這批國(guó)寶中的書法藝術(shù)與價(jià)值，其深刻的文化內(nèi)涵將會(huì)被大大湮沒(méi)。我國(guó)書法寶庫(kù)中的篆書、隸書、行書、楷書、草書等各種書法形式，以及各種書法形式中的不同流派的書法，如甲骨文、金文、籀文，隸書中的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">秦隸</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">漢隸</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">，行書中的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">行楷</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">行草</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">，楷書中的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">歐體</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">歐陽(yáng)詢</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">虞體</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">虞世南</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">顏體</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">顏真卿</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">柳體</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">柳公權(quán)</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">趙體</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">趙孟</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">，草書中</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">章草</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">今草</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">狂草</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1290</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">方硯臺(tái)都有范例。每方硯的書法，結(jié)構(gòu)自然，布局井然，筆法簡(jiǎn)樸，古雅精美，都是書法寶庫(kù)中的明珠。此外，更有彌足珍貴的刻符、鳥蟲書、石鼓文硯。編號(hào)為</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">InkII0052</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">硯，即是一方銘刻石鼓文的硯。石鼓文這種被稱為</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">石刻之祖</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">的文字，是集大篆之大成，開小篆之先河，我國(guó)書法史上具有承前啟后意義的文字，被歷代書家視為習(xí)篆書之圭臬，有</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">書家第一法則</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">之稱譽(yù)。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><p></p></span></p>